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Fig. 5. Effect of PECAM-1 downregulation on the shear-stress-induced phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS and AMPK. Primary cultures of human endothelial cells treated with either scrambled oligonucleotides or siRNA against PECAM-1 were exposed to fluid shear stress (12 dynes cm2, 30 or 60 minutes) and the phosphorylation and expression of (A) Akt, (B) eNOS and (C) AMPK, were detected using specific antibodies. The western blots were quantified as phospho-protein per total protein and expressed relative to the control (CTL) conditions, i.e. the signal obtained in cells treated with scrambled oligonucleotides and maintained under static conditions. The bar graphs summarize the results of six independent experiments; *P<0.05, **P<0.01 versus CTL.