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Fig. 1. Repetitive global mitotic Ca²⁺ oscillations are sperm specific. [Ca²⁺]_i was monitored during the first mitotic division using Fura-2/dextran and epifluorescence microscopy. (A) Ca²⁺ oscillations were detected at NEBD (open arrow) in all fertilized embryos and further mitotic transients were detected in eight of nine embryos (mean number of transients per embryo was 3.9±0.54). No transients were detected following cytokinesis (closed arrow). (B) A typical mitotic Ca²⁺ transient is presented as a series of pseudocoloured images, warmer colours indicating an increase in [Ca²⁺]_i. Note that the increase in Ca²⁺ occurs throughout the embryo. (C) No Ca²⁺ transients are detected at NEBD or during mitosis in parthenogenetically activated embryos (n=6). A large increase in Ca²⁺ was subsequently detected when mitotic parthenotes were challenged with ionomycin.

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