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Fig. 5. Effects of inducing cell detachment by chelating external Ca2+ and Mg2+ with EDTA. (A) The relative changes in traction stress (red), cell speed (green), cell shape (orange) and calcium indicator fluorescence (blue). Each graph was offset for clarity, and values for shape factor were multiplied by 3, for illustrative purposes. The addition of EDTA (A) is indicated (arrow), as well as retraction of the rear (R). (B) IRM observations of keratocytes before and after treatment with EDTA. Bar, 10 µm. Addition of EDTA (A) leads to an immediate drop in traction stress, together with an increase in cell speed and shape factor, indicative of rapid cell detachment. IRM observations of a moving keratocyte in the direction indicated (bold white arrow) show cell detachment beginning at the leading edge 30 seconds after treatment, followed by retraction of the entire cell margin at 2 minutes.





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