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Fig. 2. Extracellular Ca2+ is not involved in RA-induced synaptic facilitation. The culture medium was replaced with Ca2+-free Ringer's solution (A) or Cd2+ was added to block the Ca2+ channels (B), 10~15 minutes prior to the experiment. Short arrows marks the application of RA. Scale bars: 1 nA, 20 seconds, and 1 nA, 50 milliseconds for slow and fast traces, respectively. (C) Summary of the effects of RA on SSC frequency in normal culture medium, Ca2+-free medium and in medium containing Cd2+ (n=8-17). *P<0.05 compared with the control group (Student's t-test).





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