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Fig. 6. BMP-treated CNS stem cells differentiate to non-myelinating, non-CNS glia. (A-F) Generation of glia cells using paradigm 1 after high-density plating. (A-C) Control cultures generate immature GFAP⁺ (green) astrocytes (A), whereas BMP2 co-treatment yields distinctively flattened cells, most co-expressing GFAP (green) and p75^NGFR (red), consistent with a non-myelinating Schwann cell phenotype (B, quantitation in C). (D-F) Control cultures generate only small numbers of GalC⁺ CNS oligodendrocytes and no GalC⁺/p75^NGFR+ cells (D), wheras BMP2 co-treatment yields morphologically distinct GalC⁺ (red) and 75^NGFR+ (green) co-expressing cells (D, quantitation in F). (G-I) Peripherin⁺ neurons could be generated in acute cultures only by adding retinoic acid during a 3-day FGF2/BMP2 co-treatment, followed by BDNF, GDNF, NGF and HRG during a 7-day mitogen withdrawal. Peripherin⁺ cells had long and sometimes branched processes (G, quantitation in I); 92% of peripherin⁺ cells co-expressed Brn3a (H), consistent with a peripheral neuron identity. Graphs show mean ± s.e.m. (n=3-4). Bars, 20 µm (A,B); 10 µm (D,E); 80 µm (G), 10 µm (H).

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