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Fig. 2. Signal transduction and CaR. CaR intersects with two classical signaling pathways, working through G ${alpha}$ _q/G ${alpha}$ ₁₁ to stimulate intracellular PLC/Ins(1,4,5)P₃/Ca²⁺ signaling, and through PTX-sensitive G ${alpha}$ _i to interrupt cAMP production. In addition, CaR is linked to AA production, and various MAP kinase pathways. Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; AC, adenylate cyclase; cAMP, cyclic AMP; DAG, diacylglycerol; ERK, extracellullar signal-regulated protein kinase; Ins(1,4,5)P₃, inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate; Ins(1,4,5)P₃R, inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor; JNK, Jun NH₂-terminal kinase; MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; cPLA₂, cytosolic phospholipase A₂; PI4K, phosphoinositide 4-kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; PLC, phospholipase C; PtdIns(4,5)P₂, phoshatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate; PTX, pertussis toxin.

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