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Fig. 5. Force spectroscopy of AbII-13-coated tip on HUVECs. (a) Schematic representation of a force-distance cycle carried out to measure specific molecular forces. (b) The force-distance cycle on HUVECs with an AbII-13-coated AFM tip shows specific interaction in the retrace (jump at 75 nm). The specific interaction is blocked using free AbII-13 in solution (inset). (c) The probability density function (pdf) is constructed from an ensemble of forces, gives the distribution of unbinding forces fu. (d) Binding probabilities of AbII-13-coated tips on non-stressed cells (NC), heat-shocked cells (HS) and on heat shocked cells blocked with free AbII-13 in solution (Block), proving the specificity of the measured molecular interactions.