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Fig. 4. Morphological changes in M2R cells following treatment with Pd-Bchl-Ser and light. (A) M2R cells were treated at LD₉₀ with no illumination (dark controls), LD₉₀ and illumination (LD₉₀) or LD₂₀ and illumination (LD₂₀) and selected groups of cells were continuously monitored over a 2.5-hour period using video microscopy. Videos were processed and the still photographs of indicated times are presented. By following individual cells throughout the frames, one can observe cell motility by following the morphological changes of particular cells over time. (B) For each plot, the paths of ten cells were measured, normalized and converted to wind rose display where all cells start from (0,0) in order to illustrate the average motility. UN, untreated; DC, dark control; LC, light control; LD₂₀, LD₂₀ treatment. Total cell displacement was calculated by measuring the change in position of the cell centroid every 30 minutes over a 2.5-hour period. An average of total cell displacement (D) ± s.e.m. for 10 randomly chosen cells in each group was calculated and is presented in the respective rose wind plot. Total displacement of LD₂₀-treated cells in comparison to other experimental groups were significantly different (P values <0.0005). (C) Cell circularity was computed as circularity=4 x (area)/perimeter². Normalized average ± s.e.m. of circularity of 10 randomly chosen individual cells in each group were plotted. Untreated (closed squares), dark control (open triangles), light control (closed circles), LD₂₀ treatment (closed diamonds).

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