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Fig. 1. Human keratinocytes migrate towards the cathode in the presence of 100 mV mm–1 DC EFs. Images of the migration paths were captured every 10 minutes and the translocation distance and directionality calculated. For each experiment, the data were plotted using a circle graph. Each cells position at time (t)=0 minutes is at the origin (0,0) and its final position at the end of the 1 hour exposure to the DC EF is plotted as a single point on the graph. The radius of each circle represents 120 µm of translocation distance. The cathode is at the top of each graph (0°) and the anode at the bottom (180°). (A) Keratinocytes in the absence of an EF are the negative control (n=153). (B) Keratinocytes in the presence of an EF are the positive control (n=132). The average track cosine for each 10 minute time period was plotted against time for keratinocytes in the absence of an EF (negative control, C) or the presence of an EF (positive control, D). Individual cell tracks are displayed to show random migration (Non-Field) (E) versus EF-mediated directional migration (Field) (F). Bar, 25 µm. The migration rate and the cosine of the migration angle [cos(
)] for the keratinocytes were measured after 1 hour in the absence (Non-Field) or presence (Field) of an applied DC EF (G). Solid bars (left) represent migration rate, striped bars (right) represent directionality [net cos()]. Error bars indicate s.e.m. *P<0.01. The data shown are combined from three independent experiments on two separate cell strains.
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