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Fig. 3. ß-Adrenergic antagonists prevent the ß-adrenergic-agonist-mediated attenuation of keratinocyte galvanotaxis. The migration rate and cosine of the migration angle [cos(
)] for untreated, ß-adrenergic-agonist-treated and ß-adrenergic-antagonist-treated cells, and cells pretreated with antagonist before agonist addition were measured after 1 hour in the presence of an applied DC EF. Solid bars (left) represent migration rate, striped bars (right) represent directionality [cos()] (A). Field control, n=132; 0.1 nM ß-agonist, n=137; 20 µM timolol, n=69; ß-antagonist/ß-agonist, n=92. The data shown are combined from three independent experiments on two separate cell strains. Error bars indicate s.e.m. *P<0.01. Circle graphs (radius 120 µm) were plotted to represent the translocation of keratinocytes after 1 hour in an applied DC EF of 100 mV mm–1 in the presence of 0.1 nM ß-adrenergic agonist alone or cells pretreated with 20 µM antagonist before agonist addition at time 0 (B). The average track cosine for each 10 minute time period was plotted against time for untreated and 20 µM ß-adrenergic-antagonist-treated cells in the presence of an EF (C).
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