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Fig. 5. The inactive cAMP analog rp-cAMP prevents the ß-adrenergic-agonist-mediated attenuation of keratinocyte galvanotaxis. Circle graphs (radius 120 µm) were plotted to represent the translocation of keratinocytes after 1 hour in an applied DC EF of 100 mV mm^–1 in the presence of ß-adrenergic agonist alone (0.1 nM), rp-cAMP alone (50 µM) or cells pretreated with rp-cAMP before ß-adrenergic-agonist addition (A). The migration rate and cosine of the migration angle [cos()] for untreated, ß-adrenergic-agonist-treated (0.1 nM), rp-cAMP-treated (50 µM) cells or cells pretreated with rp-cAMP (50 µM) before ß-adrenergic-agonist (0.1 nM) addition were measured after 1 hour in the presence of an applied DC EF. Solid bars (left) represent migration rate, striped bars (right) represent directionality [cos()]. Field control, n=132; 0.1 nM ß-agonist, n=137; 50 µM rp-cAMP, n=61; rp-cAMP/0.1 nM ß-agonist, n=72. The data shown are combined from three independent experiments on two separate cell strains. Error bars indicate s.e.m. *P<0.01 (B). The average track cosine for each 10 minute time period was plotted against time for rp-cAMP-treated cells and cells pretreated with rp-cAMP before 0.1 nM ß-adrenergic-agonist addition in the presence of an EF (C).

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