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Fig. 1. Vibrator mutants show a failure of cytokinesis during male meiosis. (A) Phase-contrast image of a wild-type cyst of 64 onion-stage spermatids showing the expected 1:1 ratio of nuclei (arrow) to nebenkern (arrowhead). (B) Phase-contrast image of a spermatid cyst from a vibrator mutant (vibS110416 / Df(3R)Dl-BX12). Many spermatids have up to four nuclei and a nebenkern of increased size. This particular cyst has 12 cells with the expected 1:1 ratio of nuclei to nebenkern (red arrow), 4 cells with a 2:1 ratio (red arrowhead), 4 cell with a 3:1 ratio (yellow arrow) and 7 cells with a 4:1 ratio (yellow arrowhead). (Note that there are four additional cells outside the frame of this image.) (C) Early elongating vibrator (vibS110416 / Df(3R)Dl-BX12) spermatids that have 1, 2 or 3 nuclei (arrow, arrowhead and asterisk, respectively) associated with the elongating flagellum (stained with anti-
tubulin antibody). DNA is stained red. Bars, 10 µm. (D) Schematic image, showing the meiotic divisions of one primary spermatocyte in a cyst of 16 cells; adapted from Fuller (Fuller, 1998) with permission.