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Figure 3


Fig. 3. Male meiosis is severely disrupted in Atmnd1 mutants. Meiosis in wild-type A. thaliana: (A) leptotene, (B) zygotene, (C) pachytene, (D) diplotene, (E) early diakinesis, (F) diakinesis, (G) metaphase I, (H) anaphase I, (I) telophase II. Disrupted male meiosis in the Atmnd1 mutant: (J) leptotene, indistinguishable from the wild type. (K) Zygotene-like stage. (L) Pachytene-like stage. The mutant failed to go through typical zygotene and pachytene stages, displaying no pairing and synapsis of chromosomes. (M) Early diakinesis-like stage, (N) late diakinesis-like stage and (O) metaphase-I-like stage show entangled chromosomes interconnected by chromatin bridges. (P) Progression through anaphase I with stretched chromatin and limited chromosome fragmentation. (Q) Metaphase II-like stage with chromosome fragments. (R) Late-anaphase-II-like stage with severe chromosome fragmentation. Chromosomes are stained with DAPI. Bar, 10 µm.





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