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Fig. 3. Alix and its binding partners in ESCRT-mediated protein sorting. For simplicity, components of the ESCRT machinery not known to bind Alix are omitted. Recruitment of Alix to the site of MVB sorting is mediated by the CHMP4 subunit of ESCRT-III, which binds directly to the Bro1 domain. It is not known whether CHMP4 has a similar role in recruiting Alix to the site of viral budding at the plasma membrane, nor is it known whether recruitment of Alix to either endosomes or the plasma membrane is facilitated by the TSG101 subunit of ESCRT-I. The wavy line connecting ESCRT-III to the membrane represents N-myristoylation of CHMP6, another subunit of ESCRT-III. Alix is depicted as a bridging factor between ESCRT-I and ESCRT-III, but whether Alix binds simultaneously to both complexes is not known. Note that several viruses use the ESCRT machinery to bud into endosomes and are then released from infected cells upon fusion of the endosomal membrane with the plasma membrane (reviewed by Morita and Sundquist, 2004). See text for further details. Ub, ubiquitin.

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