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Fig. 3. Stable overexpression of human Cdt1 in Rat-1 cells activates the ATM-Chk2 DNA damage checkpoint pathway without detectable rereplication. (A) Whole-cell lysates prepared from Rat-1 clones overexpressing wild-type T7-Cdt1 (WA4, WB1, WB3 and WB4) or T7-Cdt1 Cy (CA2, CA3, CB3 and CB4) and from parental Rat-1 cells were immunoblotted. Hydroxyurea (HU)-treated Rat-1 cells were analyzed similarly. (B) Cell-cycle analysis of the Rat-1 clones. Exponentially growing clones were analyzed at 2 months post-infection. (C) Growth rates of the Rat-1 clones. (D) Whole cell extracts, Triton X-100-extractable fractions, and nuclear chromatin/matrix fractions were prepared from WB4 cells and immunoblotted as described in Fig. 2E.