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Figure 1


Fig. 1. Expression of mammalian PKC-{alpha}, -{delta}, -{epsilon} or -{zeta} in S. cerevisiae stimulates acetic-acid-induced apoptosis. Yeast transformed with the empty vector, YEplac181 or YEp51 (black) or yeast expressing PKC-{alpha}, -{delta}, -{epsilon} or -{zeta} (grey) were incubated with acetic acid (300, 350 or 400 mM) for 1 hour at 30°C. (A) Cell death experiments. Percentage of dead cells was determined by c.f.u. counts, considering as 0% dead cells (100% survival) the number of c.f.u. obtained after 1 hour incubation with no acetic acid. Data are the mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments with six replicates. (B) TUNEL staining and (C) Propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cells treated in the absence of acetic acid (0 mM) were used as negative control. Data are the mean ± s.e.m. of two independent experiments; means correspond to counts of at least 600 cells per sample. Significant differences from those obtained with the empty vector are indicated by *P<0.05; **P<0.001 (unpaired Student's t-test).





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