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Fig. 5. Cell-body separation is impaired when axoneme mobility is strongly affected. (A-C) Still images of movies of (TbPF16)RNAi mutants (A) non-induced or induced for (B) 48 hours or (C) 72 hours. (A) Both flagella are motile and the cell is actively moving and twisting, but no net movement is observed. (B) The left flagellum is motile but the right one is not. The active flagellum drags the couple towards its anterior end. (C) Both flagella are paralysed and division is slowed down. (D) Field of (TbPF20)RNAi-mutant cells induced for 72 hours, grown (left) without shaking or (right) with shaking. Large cell aggregates are visible when cultures are not shaken; most of them disappear upon shaking. (E) Bloodstream form trypanosomes electroporated with (left) GFP or (right) PFR2 dsRNA. After 5 hours, flagella were labelled with the anti-PFR2 antibody (green, bottom images) and DNA-stained with DAPI (blue); superimposed phase-contrast image (top images). Cells with two flagella that received GFP dsRNA showed complete PFR2 staining in both flagella, whereas those with PFR2 dsRNA did not stain for PFR2 at the distal part of the flagellum, the normal site of PFR construction. (F) After 18 hours cells that had failed to divide (left images) were abundant only in the PFR2-transfected samples. The cells could re-enter the cell cycle (middle images) but rapidly degenerated (right images).