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Fig. 2. Gross anatomical and histopathological analyses showing vascular anomalies in the liver (A-E), kidney (F-J), scrotum (K,L) and ovary (M,N) of the Sox17+/--Sox18-/- mice that survived to adulthood. (A-E) Gross-anatomy and HE-staining of the Sox17+/--Sox18-/- liver showing severe atrophy (right in A,C,D). The blood vessels running at the edge of the liver lobules (arrows in B) are missing in the Sox17+/--Sox18-/- livers. Their hepatocytes were smaller in size (C,D). The corrosion-cast SEM analysis visualized sparse sinusoidal microvasculatures with narrow lumina in the Sox17+/--Sox18-/- liver (arrowheads in E). bd, interlobular bile duct; cv, central vein; ia, interlobular artery; iv, interlobular vein. (F-J) The Sox17+/--Sox18-/- kidneys showing the hypoplasia of the outer medulla ('om' in G,H) attended with variable degrees of hydronephrosis (asterisk in F). The vascular bundles (arrows in G; arrowheads in H,I) are missing in the Sox17+/--Sox18-/- kidney (right in G-I). The corrosion-cast SEM analyses reveal the smaller capillaries of presumptive interbundle plexus in the affected outer medulla in the Sox17+/--Sox18-/- kidneys (right in I,J). (J) Higher magnification images indicated by the boxed area in I. aa, arcuate artery; ct, cortex; gl, glomerulus; im, inner medulla; om, outer medulla; rp, renal papilla. (K,L) Protruded and enlarged scrotums of the Sox17+/--Sox18-/- male (K). In the Sox17+/--Sox18-/- spermatic cords, the pampiniform plexus is less-tortuous (arrows) and enlarged in its lumen (L). (M,N) The Sox17+/--Sox18-/- ovaries exhibit less blood contents (M) and are smaller (N) than the Sox18-/- ovaries. +/+ and +/-indicate Sox17+/+-Sox18-/- and Sox17+/--Sox18-/- organs of the same littermates, respectively. Bar, 50 µm.
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