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Fig. 4. RhoA and ROCK-I induce membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and DNA framentation. (A,D) Cultured astrocytes were grown for seven days and then cotransfected with plasmids expressing either active proteins (V14RhoA and ROCKI-{Delta}1) or inactive proteins (V14A37RhoA and ROCKI-{Delta}5) together with a plasmid expressing GFP. Astrocytes transfected with either RhoA (A) or ROCK-I (D) were analyzed by immunofluorescence (actin, GFP and nuclear condensation). (B,E) Active proteins (V14RhoA and ROCKI-{Delta}1) induce DNA fragmentation as revealed by TUNEL staining (green) in astrocytes transfected with myc-tagged expression vectors of either V14RhoA (B) or ROCK-I (E). (C) Quantification of blebbing cells, as well as chromatin condensation (Hoechst staining), in astrocytes overexpressing either RhoA (C) or ROCK-I (F). Values are mean ±s.d. of five different experiments. *P<0.001 versus control values in one-way ANOVA. Bars, 10 µm.





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