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Figure 1


Fig. 1. Giardia has two equivalent nuclei and a complex microtubule cytoskeleton. (A) The microtubule cytoskeleton of the trophozoite is characterized by eight flagellar axonemes and basal bodies (afl, anterior; c, caudal; pfl, posterior; vfl, ventral), the ventral adhesive disc (vd), the funis (fn) and the median body (mb) (diagramed in A). All basal bodies are between the nuclei. (B) Anti-tubulin labeling reveals the microtubule arrays, including the eight flagella, and median body. The ventral disk is more weakly stained than the other structures. Although images of Giardia are frequently presented as two-dimensional projections in dorsal perspective as in A, describing cell division in Giardia requires analysis of cell morphology in three dimensions. (C) The cell is shown in 3D from a side angle. The spatial positions of the four nuclei following nuclear division are shown arrayed along the left-right (L-R) and dorsal-ventral (D-V) axes. Three possible planes of cytokinesis are represented in C; longitudinal [anterior-posterior (A-P)], transverse (L-R) and frontal (D-V). The dorsal-posterior nuclei are marked with asterisks in C,D.





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