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Figure 10


Fig. 10. Schematic illustration of the molecular mechanisms involved in the SPC-induced differentiation of hATSCs. SPC increases the expression of smooth-muscle-specific genes, including {alpha}-SMA, through a Gi/o-ERK-dependent pathway. SPC-induced activation of ERK stimulates the expression and secretion of TGF-ß isoforms, which elicit late activation of Smad2 through TGF-ß type I receptor kinase. Activated Smad2 cooperates with SRF and myocardin to induce expression of smooth-muscle-specific genes.





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