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Fig. 2. DEX and Runx2 synergistically induce osteoblastic differentiation. Primary dermal fibroblasts were transduced with Runx2 or empty vector retrovirus and cultured in osteogenic media with and without 10 nM DEX. (A) ALP activity was examined by a biochemical assay at 7 days post-transduction [mean ± s.e.m., n=12; ANOVA: P<1E-8; **different from empty vector and DEX controls,
different from Runx2 (P< 0.05)]. (B) Mineralized matrix deposition was assessed by von Kossa staining for phosphate-positive regions and (C) quantified by image analysis at 14 and 21 days post-transduction [mean ± s.e.m., n=12; ANOVA: P<1E-9, **different from empty vector and DEX controls,
different from Runx2 (P<0.05)]. Bar, 2 cm. (D) Chemical composition of the mineral phase was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Bone samples scraped from a lyophilized rat cranium served as a positive control.