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Fig. 1. Inhibition of PI3K is sufficient to induce a growth cone collapse. (A) Single frames show a DRG growth cone before (0'), and following incubation with 10 µM LY294002 every 2 minutes (see Movie 1 in supplementary material). (B) Data charting the displacement (in µm + s.e.m.) of at least 15 growth cones in each of three independent experiments. LY294002 (10 µM) or control (DMSO) was applied to DRG cultures after 40 minutes (dotted line). Treatment with the inhibitor induces a retraction within 5 minutes and neurons start extending at half the original rate within 15 minutes. This response coincides with a drop in growth cone area, followed by the recovery in area during recovery of forward movement. (C) In the presence of the GSK-3 inhibitors, LiCl (20 mM), SB216763 (10 µM) or SB415286 (40 µM), the LY294002-induced growth cones collapse (10 µM, 10 minutes) is reduced. Each data point is the mean ± s.e.m. of six experiments, with n
60 growth cones in each experiment. *P
0.006; **P0.01. Scale bar, 10 µm.
