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Fig. 7. Working model for cathodal growth cone turning in an EF. See Discussion for detail. (A) The current model for growth cone steering of Xenopus growth cones by an EF. Pathway components implicated previously in cathodal turning are in boxes and grey ovals indicate components explored in the present study. Pharmacological inhibitors used in the present study are shown in grey text at their points of action. (B) Proposed pathway linking Rho GTPase activity to cathodal turning. In this scheme, Cdc42 and Rac signalling dominate cathodally, with concurrent suppression of Rho. Conversely, Rho signalling dominates anodally, with suppression of Cdc42/Rac activity through Rho activation (not shown). Thus, on the anode-facing side of the growth cone, the signalling events and consequences on cytoskeletal dynamics would be opposite to those indicated. Pathway components studied in this study are indicated in grey ovals and the inhibitors used (with the exception of LPA, which activates Rho) are indicated in grey text at their sites of action. Although the pathways are roughly linear for ease of presentation, extensive cross-talk would be expected.
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