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Fig. 6. Hypothetical mechanism by which Rho GTPases mediate growth cone steering towards the cathode. The concentrations of active Rac and Cdc42 (red) are relatively high on the cathode-facing side of the growth cone, but Rho activity (green) is relatively low on that side. Conversely, active Rho is relatively high anodally and active Rac and Cdc42 are low. Some candidate Rac and Cdc42 effectors are suggested. Others effectors, whose involvement has been tested, are presented in the companion paper in this issue (Rajnicek et al., 2006).