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Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of signal transduction pathways towards phosphorylation of myosin and contraction in cultured VSMCs. In smooth muscle tissues, both pathways of signal transduction (black and gray) are significant in development of contraction. However, only signaling pathways indicated in black are active in cultured VSMCs. GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; PLCß, phospholipase Cß; PLA₂, phospholipase A₂; Ins(1,4,5)P₃, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphatase; DAG, diacylglycerol; AA, arachidonic acid; GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; PKC, protein kinase C; CPI-17, protein kinase C-potentiated myosin phosphatase inhibitor protein 17 kDa; MYPT1, myosin targeting subunit of myosin phosphatase; PP1C, -isoform of type 1 protein phosphatase catalytic subunit; MLCK, myosin light chain kinase; CaM, calmodulin. All pathways represent signaling pathways leading to an increase in myosin-P and contraction. Pathway1 through voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels, pathway 2 through Ins(1,4,5)P₃-induced Ca²⁺ release from the SR, pathway 3 through phosphorylation of CPI-17 at Thr38 by PKC, pathway 4 through phosphorylation of CPI-17 by Rho-kinase and pathway-5 through phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr853 by Rho-kinase.

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