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Fig. 6. Maintenance of undifferentiated state of ES cells cultured in serum-free medium with Nodal or activin. (A) Examination of expression of stem cell marker genes in EB5 ES cells clonally expanded and maintained for at least 1 month in serum-free medium supplemented with either 30 ng/ml activin or 1 µg/ml Nodal by RT-PCR analysis. Gapdh was detected as a loading control. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of teratomas derived from EB5 ES cells cultured with Nodal protein. Tissues derived from each of the three germ layers were formed. Neuroectoderm (ectoderm; top left), cartilage (mesoderm; top right), mucus-producing epithelium (endoderm; bottom left) and ciliated epithelium (endoderm; bottom right) were observed. (C) Chimeric mouse derived from EB3 ES cells cultured with 2 µg/ml Nodal.