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Fig. 4. D-titin distribution in prophase and prometaphase insect spermatocytes. (A) Distribution of three anti-D-titin antibodies in prophase crane-fly spermatocytes. These antibodies stain the nuclear membrane (arrow), the periphery of chromosomes (arrowheads) and the body of chromosomes. No staining of the periphery of the chromosomes was observed with the anti-52 antibody. Also, the staining of the nuclear membrane with anti-52 is less intense than with the other two antibodies (arrow in the central panel) and was seen in a small percentage of cells only. (B) Distribution of anti-KZ, anti-52 and anti-56 antibodies in prophase locust spermatocytes, illustrating staining of chromosomes. (C) Distribution of anti-KZ, anti-52 and anti-56 antibodies in prometaphase crane-fly spermatocytes. Left panel illustrates a cell fixed and lysed with a different protocol than our regular one: the lysis and fixation were done simultaneously, as one step, as described in the Materials and Methods. (D) Distribution of anti-KZ, anti-52 and anti-56 antibodies in prometaphase locust spermatocytes. Arrowheads in C and D indicate autosomal bivalents and open arrowheads indicate sex chromosomes. kMT indicates kinetochore microtubules. The arrows in the DIC pictures indicate the spindle poles. The DIC pictures are of lysed cells not illustrated in the fluorescent images. Bars, 5 µm.