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Figure 8


Fig. 8. Schematic representation of the model of cornichon action in transport of TGF{alpha} family proteins. In both Drosophila and vertebrates, cornichon interacts in the ER with TGF{alpha} family proteins, such as Grk in Drosophila and TGF{alpha} in mammals, and controls and is required for their transport from the ER into the Golgi. In Drosophila, Star and Rhomboid control the transport and cleavage of Grk to the cell surface. The late endosomal compartment that may be important for the activities of Rhomboid and Star is not shown. In vertebrates, no roles for Rhomboid or Star homologs in the transport or cleavage of TGF{alpha} family proteins have been characterized. Instead, the transmembrane metalloprotease TACE is known to cleave TGF{alpha} to release the soluble ectodomain, and this may primarily occur late during transport and at the cell surface. Other ADAM proteases may control the ectodomain release of other TGF{alpha} family proteins. The precise localization of proteins and timing of cleavage of TGF{alpha} remains to be better characterized and, as shown, is not meant to be definitive.





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