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Fig. 4. The velocity of Sdc1-null keratinocytes can be restored to that of wt keratinocytes by addition of function-blocking antibodies against 
4 or 
v integrins. (A) Time-lapse microscopy analyses were repeated on day 3 wt and Sdc1-null keratinocytes using integrin function-blocking antibodies at concentrations of 25 µg/ml added to serum-containing medium. Data are expressed as fold changes in velocity compared with untreated wt keratinocytes to facilitate comparisons between experiments. Control studies were performed using isotype specific antibodies. Note that the 1 integrin antagonist (9EG7) inhibited wt keratinocyte migration rates significantly by 
60% whereas it inhibited Sdc1-null keratinocyte migration by only 30% compared with untreated Sdc1-null keratinocytes, a difference which was not significant. By contrast, antagonizing either 64 integrin using GoH3 or all v integrins using RMV-7 allowed Sdc1-null keratinocytes to migrate at rates similar to those of wt keratinocytes. (B) 4 integrin and LN-332 were simultaneously localized in day 3 wt and Sdc1-null keratinocytes. a,b and e,f show double-staining of actively migrating wt and Sdc1-null keratinocytes, respectively, whereas c,d and g,h show more stationary keratinocytes lacking LN-332 trails. Note the closer association between 4 integrin and LN-332 at the edges of the migrating Sdc1-null keratinocytes in e and f (white arrows) compared with the wt keratinocytes. Bar, 5 µm.
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