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Files in this Data Supplement:
Movie 1. Human breast cancer cells show directional migration in EFs. Time-lapse video corresponding to Fig. 1A shows that MDA-MB231 cells polarize and migrate directionally towards the anode (to the left). The recording time is 2 hours with frame interval of 5 minutes. EF=1.5 V/cm.
Movie 2. Rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells MTLn3 show strong electrotaxis towards the anode. Time-lapse images show translocation of MTLn3 cells in electric fields (corresponding to Fig. 1D). The recording time is 120 minutes with frame interval of 2 minutes. Frames 0-23 no EF, cells migrated in random directions. Frames 23-60 with 1.5 V/cm EF, cells show anodal migration (to the left) and align perpendicular to the EF vector.
Movie 3. Reversal of EF polarity reversed directional cell migration in MTLn3 cells. Time-lapse video corresponding to Fig. 1G. EF was on at 0 min with anode on the left and then the EF polarity reversed at image 20. MTLn3 cells reversed direction quickly following new EF polarity. The recording time is 76 minutes with frame interval of 2 minutes. EF=1.5 V/cm.
Movie 4. ErbB1 signalling enhanced tumour cell electrotaxis. Time-lapse video corresponding to Fig. 3A. MTC and MTC-B1 cells were applied to 0.5 V/cm EFs for 3 hours. MTC cells (upper panel) do not show a galvanotactic response. MTC-B1 cells (transfected with the ErbB1, lower panel) showed anodal migration in response to EF. The upper and lower panels show the same cells 3 hours apart. Bar, 20 μm. The time-lapse video was captured for duration of 3 hours with frame interval of 5 minutes. Electric field direction and cell tracing are indicated in Fig. 3.
Movie 5. Inhibiting ErbB1 abolished electrotactic response. Time-lapse video corresponding to Fig. 5A. MTLn3 cells were exposed to an EF of 1 V/cm with or without 2 μM AG 1478, respectively. Video shows translocation of MTLn3 cells in electric fields. The electric field was switched on at 0 hours with anode to the left. Cells show a typical anodal migration in upper panel. Random migration of cells in EF after AG1478 treatment in lower panel. There are no differences in trajectory speed. The recording time is 2 hours with frame interval of 5 minutes.
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