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Figure 3


Fig. 3. Mitotic progression in living control and mitch neuroblasts. (A) Time-lapse series of an untreated wild-type neuroblast. At the start of the recording, the chromosomes are beginning to condense during prophase. Nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB; time 0) occurs 2.5 minutes later, and the chromosomes rapidly align at the metaphase plate within the next 7 minutes. The cell entered anaphase 12 minutes after NEB, which was followed by chromosome decondensation and reformation of the nuclear envelope during telophase and organization of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. (B) Time-lapse series of an untreated mitch neuroblast in which two chromosomes (arrows) remained mono-oriented for extended periods. Anaphase was much delayed, beginning only 1 hours after NEB; telophase and cytokinesis soon followed. (C) Time-lapse series of another untreated mitch neuroblast in which the chromosomes were distributed along the longitudinal axis of the spindle and remained misaligned in prometaphase for more than 2 hours, without entering anaphase. Note the overcondensation of the chromosomes due to prolonged mitotic arrest. Asterisks indicate the position of the centrosomes inferred by DIC as the focus center of a clear zone; these asterisks thus define the virtual longitudinal axis of the spindle. (D) Time-lapse series of a wild-type neuroblast entering mitosis in the presence of 50 µM colchicine. This cell remained in c-mitosis for more than 2 hour (when the recording was stopped) and consequently the chromosomes look overcondensed. (E) Time-lapse series of a mitch neuroblast entering and exiting mitosis in only 13 minutes in the presence of 50 µM colchicine. The chromosomes appear to disjoin at 6.5 minutes, but no anaphase movement was subsequently observed. The chromosomes decondensed and the nuclear envelope completely reformed around a single nucleus by 17 minutes. See movies in the supplementary material for clearer visualization. Bar, 5 µm.





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