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Figure 1


Fig. 1. Crystal cell activation involves cell rupture. (A-D) Rupture of crystal cells. Crystal cells immediately (A) and at different time points (4, 6 and 8 minutes respectively) after bleeding (B-D). The cell is shown in phase contrast (A,C) and fluorescence (B,D) showing membrane structures labeled with CD8-GFP. Note that the cell membrane ruptures starting at the top of the cell (indicated by the arrow in B) and the crystals dissolve. A fat body fragment adhering to the crystal cell is indicated (*). (E) Activation of PPO in crystal cells can also be achieved by incubating larvae at 65°C for 10 minutes (e.g. Galko and Krasnow, 2004), leading to the appearance of melanotic spots. Phase-contrast microscopy of the melanotic spots after bleeding reveals activation of PPO in the crystals (insets show a single melanized cell (left) and a group of melanized cells (right). Note that crystal cells appear not to rupture and the crystal not dissolved, although PPO is activated. Also, this activation of PPO in the crystal is not enhanced in a Spn27A mutant background (data not shown). Bars, 10 µm.





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