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Fig. 1. Localisation of CASK expression in skin epidermis and developing hair follicles. (A,B) Immunofluorescence staining of the skin of newborn mice using a rabbit polyclonal anti-CASK antibody (A, B, green channel) and monoclonal JoL-4 antibody against lamin-A (red channel, A^I) or a monoclonal Ki67 antibody (red channel, B^I). Note the predominant nuclear staining for CASK in the basal layer of epidermis. Arrows indicate colocalisation of CASK and lamin A (A^II) and CASK and Ki67 (B^II); dashed lines indicate basement-membrane zone. SC, stratum corneum; SG, stratum granulosum; SS, stratum spinosum; SB, stratum basale; HF, hair follicle. (C,D) Immunofluorescence staining of CASK in (C) adult mouse skin and (D) human skin. Dashed lines indicate basement-membrane zone. (E) CASK expression in mouse primary keratinocytes within nuclei, cytoplasm and at cell borders (arrowheads). (F) Immunoblotting of whole-cell protein (W), nuclear (N) and cytosolic (C) extracts from mouse primary keratinocytes probed with antibodies against CASK and -tubulin. (G-K) Strong nuclear CASK expression is seen during rat hair-follicle development. Skin from whisker pads of E18 rats was immunostained for CASK (green) and the adherens-junction marker protein β-catenin (red). (G) Epithelial placode. (H,I) Hair germs. (J) Hair peg. (K) Developing follicle. (L) Western blot analysis of epidermal protein extracts from wild-type (WT), K14-human syndecan-1-transgenic (Tg) and syndecan-1 null (KO) mice probed with antibodies against CASK and involucrin. (M) CASK staining of skin from WT, Tg and KO mice. Notice the increased expression in the skin of Tg mice. Scale bars, 50 µm.

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