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Fig. 1. SynII–/– mice display impaired spatial learning during aging. The Morris-water-maze performance of WT, SynI–/– and SynII–/– mice was analyzed in young (A,B), adult (C,D) and aged (E,F) mice (eight or nine mice per group). (A,C,E) Learning curves for training to find the hidden platform in the Morris water maze are shown. The latencies to find the platform in the four daily sessions, performed over a period of up to 8 days, were averaged to obtain one value/animal/day and the data are shown as means ± s.e.m. Statistical analysis of the overall learning curves was performed by using one-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Young: F(4,31)Time = 35.28, P<0.001; F(2,31)Groups = 2.41, not significant. Adult: F(6,34)Time = 41.36, P<0.001; F(2,34)Groups = 5.79, P<0.01. Aged: F(7,27)Time = 19.71, P<0.001; F(2,27)Groups = 5.30, P
0.01. This was followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test (*P<0.05 and **P<0.01 for either mutant strain vs WT; °P<0.05 for SynI–/– vs SynII–/–). (B,D,F) Illustrate the results of the transfer test, performed on the day immediately after the last training session, in which the platform was removed and the animals were allowed to swim for 1 minute. The percentage of time spent by each mouse in the correct quadrant (the quadrant holding the hidden platform during the previous training sessions) and the overall distance covered during the test are shown on the left and right y-axes, respectively, as means ± s.e.m. Statistical analysis of the transfer test was performed by using one-way ANOVA [young: F(2,33) = 0.58, not significant; adult: F(2,36) = 6.71, P<0.005; aged: F(2,29) = 4.32, P<0.05] followed by the Bonferroni's post-hoc test (*P<0.05 for either mutant strain vs WT; °P<0.05 and °°P<0.01 for SynI–/– vs SynII–/–).
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