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Fig. 4. ECM-mediated effects on stem cells within the bone marrow stem cell niche. The ECM regulates stem cell attachment and quiescence via integrins and HSPs. Osteopontin participates in regulating quiescence by interacting with integrins and CD44. Notch-jagged and KitL-Kit signaling also maintain quiescence. MMP cleaves the transmembrane form of KitL to create sKitL, which interacts with Kit as a dimer to activate HSCs. Integrins participate in the mobilization of progenitor cells.