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Fig. 7. The `time threshold' to activate is reduced with a greater cell shrinkage. Cells were exposed to bath solution made hyperosmotic by the addition of NaCl (final osmolarity 450 or 600) and were then `rescued' from shrinkage by the addition of ddH2O after 30 minutes, 1, 4 or 8 hours. (A) Normalized MCVs of D54-MG cells during exposure to and rescue from hypertonic challenge in a representative experiment. (B) Caspase 3 activity as measured by luminescence. Activity is normalized to 300 mOsm (no challenge) exposure. Data are from three independent experiments. Error bars represent s.e.m. and n=3 samples per experiment. *P<0.05 compared to unchallenged control cells (not shown).