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Fig. 1. Thapsigargin (TH) or tunicamycin (TN) induce ER stress in PC Cl3 cells. (A) TH and TN induce upregulation of mRNA encoding BiP. Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from PC Cl3 cells vehicle treated (0) or treated with increasing concentrations of TH or TN for 30 minutes, followed by 12 and 24 hours in medium without TH or TN. GAPDH was analyzed on the same filters. (B) RT-PCR analysis for XBP-1 and β-actin of the same total RNAs used in (A).