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Figure 10


Fig. 10. Phorbol ester (TPA) strongly stimulates EC lumen formation in 3D collagen matrices. ECs were suspended in collagen matrices with or without TPA for 24 hours. (A,B) Graphs show the mean number of EC lumens per HPF (A) or the mean EC lumenal area (Metamorph software) (B) ±s.d. in the absence or presence of TPA (n=3). *, P<0.05 compared with TPA. (C) Sequential time-lapse images of the EC fields at the indicated time-points in the presence of TPA. Arrowheads indicate EC vacuoles; arrows indicate EC tubular structures with lumens. (D) Sequential time-lapse images of the EC fields at the indicated time-points in the absence of TPA. Arrowheads indicate EC vacuoles, arrows indicate EC cord-like structures without lumens. Bars, 100 µm.





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