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Fig. 5. Myosin II contributes to forward traction stress at the posterior edge. (A) Consecutive maps of traction stresses under a migrating wild-type cell. The time-course is indicated in each picture. The yellow arrows indicate the direction of cell migration. Posterior cell edges are indicated by a white arrow (b at 27 seconds). The cell retracted its posterior edges quickly at 0-84 seconds after forward traction stress reached a maximum. Three sequential stress maps were made from 11 migrating cells, and a typical sequence is shown. Bar, 4 µm. (B) Time-courses of the values of traction stresses (red) and the length of the posterior region (the length of the perpendicular lines from the posterior edge to the white lines at 0 seconds in panel A). The magnitudes of traction stresses at the posterior edges (red lines) strongly increased at the beginning of posterior edge retraction. After the increase in traction stress, the posterior edges retracted quickly. (C) Average values of forward traction stresses at the posterior edges (n=12 in five cells) and rearward traction stresses at the stress spots in the anterior and middle regions (n=16 in five cells) in wild-type cells when the forward traction stress reached a maximum. The magnitude of the forward traction stress at the posterior edge significantly exceeds that of the rearward stresses at stress spots in the anterior and middle regions (P<0.001). (D) Average values of forward traction stresses at the posterior edges (n=5 in three cells) and that of rearward traction stresses at the stress spots in the anterior and middle regions (n=8 in three cells) in myosin-II-null cells when the forward traction stresses at the posterior edges reached a maximum. There was no significant difference between rearward and forward stresses (P>0.05).
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