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Files in this Data Supplement:
Movie 1. Disengaged clutch. Actin is not anchored to the substratum and, thus, force that is owing to actin polymerization is counterbalanced by retrograde flow caused by myosin contraction and tension on the membrane in the lamellipodium. In the example, they balance and there is no protrusion. This movie corresponds to Fig. 3A.
Movie 2. Engaged clutch. Actin is coupled to the substratum by interaction of actin-binding proteins with integrins. Under these conditions, the force generated by the retrograde flow is partially or fully shunted to the substratum. The force produced by actin polymerization exceeds the forces that produce retrograde flow, resulting in a higher protrusion rate. New adhesions assemble as the lamellipodium extends. In the lamellum, myosin II activity generates contractile force that drives retrograde flow. This movie corresponds to Fig. 3B.
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