Overexpression of Akt inhibits NGF-induced growth arrest and neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells

QUICK SEARCH:

[advanced]

	Author:		Keyword(s):

Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents

This Article

	Summary
	Full Text (PDF)
	Alert me when this article is cited
	Alert me if a correction is posted

Services

	Email this article to a friend
	Similar articles in this journal
	Similar articles in PubMed
	Alert me to new issues of the journal
	Download to citation manager


Citing Articles

	Citing Articles via HighWire
	Citing Articles via Google Scholar

Google Scholar

	Articles by Bang, O. S.
	Articles by Kang, S. S.
	Search for Related Content

PubMed

	PubMed Citation
	Articles by Bang, O. S.
	Articles by Kang, S. S.


Social Bookmarking

	What's this?

Abraham, R., Acquarone, M., Andersen, A., Aseni, A., Belle, R., Berger, F., Bergounioux, C., Brunn, G., Buquet-Fagot, C. and Fagot, D (1995). Cellular effects of olomousine, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. J. Cell Biol 83, 105-120.

Ahmed, N. N., Grimes, H. L., Bellacosa, A., Chan, T. O. and Tsichlis, P. N (1997). Transduction of interleukin-2 antiapoptotic and proliferative signals via Akt protein kinase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 3627-3632.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Alessi, D. R., Andjelkovic, M., Caudwell, B., Cron, P., Morrice, N., Cohen, P. and Hemmings, B. A (1996). Mechanism of adctivation of protein kinase B by indulin and IGF-1. EMBO J 15, 6541-6551.[Medline]

Ammer, H. and Schulz, R (1997). Regulation of stimulatory adenylyl cyclase signaling during forskolin-induced differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma (NG108-15) cells. Neurosci. Lett 230, 143-146.[Medline]

Andjelkovic, M., Suidan, H. S., Meier, R., Frech, M., Alessi, D. R. and Hemmings, B. A (1998). Nerve growth factor promotes activation of the alpha, beta and gamma isoforms of protein kinase B in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Eur. J. Biochem 251, 195-200.[Medline]

Bacqueville, D., Casagrande, F., Perret, B., Chap, H., Darbon, J. M. and Breton-Douillon, M (1998). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors block aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation in mid-late G1phase: effect on cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and the inhibitory protein p27KIP1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 244, 630-636.[Medline]

Billon, N., van Grunsven, L. A. and Rudkin, B. B (1996). The CDK inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1 is induced through a p300-dependent mechanism during NGF-mediated neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Oncogene 13, 2047-2054.[Medline]

Brennan, P, Babbage, J. W., Burgering, B. M., Groner, B., Reif, K. and Cantrell, D. A (1997). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase couples the interleukin-2 receptor to the cell cycle regulator E2F. Immunity 7, 679-689.[Medline]

Buchkovich, K. J. and Ziff, E. B (1994). Nerve growth factor regulates the expression and activity of p33cdk2 and p34cdc2 kinases in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 5, 1225-1241.[Abstract]

Burgering, B. M. and Coffer, P. J (1995). Protein kinase B (c-Akt) in phosphatidyl-inositol-3-OH kinase signal transduction. Nature 376, 599-602.[Medline]

Carter, A. N. and Downes, C. P (1992). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is activated by nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in PC12 cells. J. Biol. Chem 267, 14563-14567.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Cheatham, B., Vlahos, C. J., Cheatham, L., Wang, L., Blenis, J. and Kahn, C. R (1994). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation is required for insulin stimulation of pp70s6kinase, DNA synthesis and glucose transporter translocation. Mol. Cell. Biol 14, 4902-4911.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Chou, M. M. and Blenis, J (1996). The 70 kDa S6 kinase complexes withand is activated by the Rho family G proteins Cdc42 and Rac1. Cell 85, 573-583.[Medline]

Cross, D. A., Alessi, D. R., Cohen, P., Aandjelkovich, M. and Hemmings, B. A (1995). Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B. Nature 378, 785-789.[Medline]

Crowder, R. J. and Freeman, R. S (1998). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt protein kinase are necessary and sufficient for the survival of nerve growth factor-dependent sympathetic neurons. J. Neurosci 18, 2933-2943.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Decker, S. J (1995). Nerve growth factor-induced growth arrest and induction of p21Cip/WAF1 in NIH-3T3 cells expressing TrkA. J. Biol. Chem 270, 30841-30844.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

del Peso, L., Gonzalez-Garcia, M., Page, C., Herrera, R. and Nunez, G (1997). Interleukin-3-induced phosphorylation of BAD through the protein kinase Akt. Science 278, 687-689.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Dudek, H., Datta, S. R., Franke, T. F., Birnbaum, M. J., Yao, R., Cooper, G. M., Segal, R. A., Kaplan, D. R. and Greenberg, M. E (1997). Regulation of neuronal survival by the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt. Science 275, 661-666.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Franke, T. F., Yang, S. I., Chan, T. O., Datta, K., Kazlauskas, A., Morrison, D. K., Kaplan, D. R. and Tsichlis, P. N (1995). The protein kinase encoded by the Akt proto-oncogene is a target of the PDGF-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Cell 81, 727-736.[Medline]

Greene, L. A. and Tischler, A. S (1976). Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells that respond to nerve growth factor. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 2424-2428.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Hashemolhosseini, S., Nagamine, Y., Morley, S., Desrivierses, S., Mercep, L. and Ferrari, S (1998). Rapamycin inhibition of the G1to S transition is mediated by effects on cyclin D1 mRNA and protein stability. J. Biol. Chem 273, 14424-14429.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Holtzman, D. M., Lee, S., Li, Y., Chua-Couzens, J., Xia, H., Bredt, D. S. and Mobley, W. C (1996). Expression of neuronal-NOS in developing basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: regulation by NGF. Neurochem. Res 21, 861-868.[Medline]

Jackson, T. R., Blader, I. J., Hammonds-Odie, L. P., Burga, C. R., Cooke, F., Hawkins, P. T., Wolf, A. G., Heldman, K. A. and Theibert, A. B (1996). Initiation and maintenance of NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth requires activation of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J. Cell Sci 109, 289-300.[Abstract]

Kalman, D., Whittaker, K., Bishop, J. M. and O'Lague, P. H (1993). Domains of E1A that bind p105Rb, p130, and p300 are required to block nerve growth factor-induced neurite growth in PC12 cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 4, 353-361.[Abstract]

Kandel, E. S. and Hay, N (1999). The regulation and activities of the multifunctional serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB. Exp. Cell Res 253, 210-229.[Medline]

Kaplan, D. R. and Stephens, R. M (1994). Neurotrophin signal transduction by the Trk receptor. J. Neurobiol 25, 1404-1417.[Medline]

Kimura, K., Hattori, S., Kabuyama, Y., Shizawa, Y., Takayanagi, J., Nakamura, S., Toki, S., Matsuda, Y., Onodera, K. and Fukui, Y (1994). Neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells is suppressed by wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J. Biol. Chem 269, 18961-18967.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kitagawa, M., Okabe, T., Ogino, H., Matsumoto, H., Suzuki-Takahshi, I., Kokubo, T., Higashi, H., Saitoh, S., Taya, Y., Yasuda, H., Ohba, Y., Nishimura, S., Tanaka, N. and Okuyama, A (1993). Butyrolactone I, a selective inhibitor of cdk2 and cdc2 kinase. Oncogene 8, 2425-2432.[Medline]

Kobayashi, M., Nagata, S., Kita, Y., Nakatsu, N., Ihara, S., Kaibuchi, K., Kuroda, S., Ui, M., Iba, H., Konishi, H., Kikkawa, U., Saitoh, I. and Fukui, Y (1997). Expression of a constitutively active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase induces process formation in rat PC12 cells. J. Biol. Chem 272, 16089-16092.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kulik, G., Klippel, A. and Weber, M. J (1997). Antiapoptotic signalling by the insulin-like growth factor I receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and Akt. Mol. Cell Biol 17, 1595-1606.[Abstract]

Mark, M. D. and Storm, D. R (1997). Coupling of epidermal growth factor (EGF) with the antiproliferative activity of cAMP induces neuronal differentiation. J. Biol. Chem 272, 17238-17244.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Morice, W., Brunn, G., Wiederrecht, G., Siekierka, J. and Abraham, R (1993). Rapamycin-induced inhibition of p34cdc2 kinase activation is associated with G1/S-phase growth arrest in T lymphocytes. J. Biol. Chem 268, 3734-3738.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Moriya, S., Kazlauskas, A., Akimoto, K., Hirai, S., Mizuno, K., Takenawa, T., Fukui, Y., Watanabe, Y., Ozaki, S. and Ohno, S (1996). Platelet-derived growth factor activates protein kinase C through redundant andindependent signaling pathways involving phospholipase C or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 151-155.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Obermeier, A., Bradshaw, R. A., Seedorf, K., Choidas, A., Schlessinger, J. and Ullrich, A (1994). Neuronal differentiation signals are controlled by nerve growth factor receptor/Trk binding sites for SHC and PLC. EMBO J 13, 1585-1590.[Medline]

Owada, Y., Utsunomiya, A., Yoshimoto, T. and Kondo, H (1997). Expression of mRNA for Akt, serine-threonine protein kinase, in the brain during development and its transient enhancement following axotomy of hypoglossal nerve. J. Mol. Neurosci 9, 27-33.[Medline]

Pap, M. and Cooper, G. M (1998). Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in the phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt cell survival pathway. J. Biol. Chem 273, 19929-19932.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Parker, S. B., Eichele, G., Zhang, P., Rawls, A., Sands, A. T., Bradley, A., Olson, E. N., Harper, J. W. and Elledge, S. J (1995). P53-independent expression of p21Cip1 in muscle and other terminally differentiating cells. Science 267, 1024-1027.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Peunova, N. and Enikolopov, G (1995). Nitric oxide triggers a switch togrowth arrest during differentiation of neuronal cells. Nature 375, 68-73.[Medline]

Philpott, K. L., McCarthy, M. J., Klippel, A. and Rubin, L. L (1997). Activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt kinase promote survival of superior cervical neurons. J. Cell Biol 139, 809-815.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Poluha, W., Poluha, D. K., Chang, B., Crosbie, N. E., Schonhoff, C. M., Kilpatrick, D. L. and Ross, A. H (1996). The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1) is required for survival of differentiating neuroblastoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol 16, 1335-1341.[Abstract]

Poluha, W., Schonhoff, C. M., Harrington, K. S., Lachyankar, M. B., Crosbie, N. E., Bulseco, D. A. and Ross, A. H (1997). A novel, nerve growth factor-activated pathway involving nitric oxide, p53, and p21WAF1regulates neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. J. Biol. Chem 272, 24002-24007.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Ptasznik, A., Beattie, G. M., Mally, M. I., Cirulli, V., Lopez, A. and Hayek, A (1997). Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is a vegative regulator of cellular differentiation. J. Cell Biol 137, 1127-1136.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Rudkin, B. B., Lazarovici, P., Levi, B. Z., Abe, Y., Fujita, K. and Guroff, G (1989). Cell cycle-specific action of nerve growth factor in PC12 cells: differentiation without proliferation. EMBO J 8, 3319-3325.[Medline]

Sherr, C. J (1994). G1phase progression: cycling on cue. Cell 79, 551-555.[Medline]

Soltoff, S. P., Rabin, S. L., Cantley, L. C. and Kaplan, D. R (1992). Nerve growth factor promotes the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and its association with the trk tyrosine kinase. J. Biol. Chem 267, 17472-17477.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Songyang, Z., Baltimore, D., Cantley, L. C., Kaplan, D. R. and Franke, T. F (1997). Interleukin 3-dependent survival by the Akt protein kinase. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 11345-11350.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Sunuki, M., Hosaka, Y., Matsushima, H., Goto, T., Kitamura, T. and Kawabe, K (1999). Butyrolactone I induces cyclin B1 and causes G2/M arrest and skipping of mitosis in human prostate cell lines. Cancer Lett 138, 121-130.[Medline]

van den Heuvel, S. and Harlow, E (1993). Distinct roles for cyclin-dependent kinases in cell cycle control. Science 262, 2050-2054.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

van Grunsven, L. A., Billon, N., Savatier, P., Thomas, A., Urdiales, J. L. and Rudkin, B. B (1996). Effect of nerve growth factor on the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in PC12 cells: dissection of the neurotrophic response from the anti-mitogenic response. Oncogene 12, 1347-1356.[Medline]

Vemuri, G. S. and McMorris, F. A (1996). Oligodendrocytes and their precursors require phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling for survival. Development 122, 2529-2537.[Abstract]

Yan, G. Z. and Ziff, E. B (1995). NGF regulates the PC12 cell cycle machinery through specific inhibition of the Cdk kinases and induction of cyclin D1. J. Neurosci 15, 6200-6212.[Abstract]

Zimmermann, S. and Moelling, K (1999). Phosphorylation and regulation of Raf by Akt (protein kinase B). Science 286, 1741-1744.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

CiteULike

Complore

Connotea

Del.icio.us Add to Digg

Digg

Technorati

Twitter What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

S. Higgins, S. H. X. Wong, M. Richner, C. L. Rowe, D. F. Newgreen, G. A. Werther, and V. C. Russo
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Reactivates G1 Checkpoint in SK-N-MC Cells via Regulation of p21, Inhibitor of Differentiation Genes (Id1-3), and Epithelium-Mesenchyme Transition-Like Events
Endocrinology, September 1, 2009; 150(9): 4044 - 4055.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

C. L. Bevan, D. M. Porter, C. R. Schumann, E. Y. Bryleva, T. J. Hendershot, H. Liu, M. J. Howard, and L. P. Henderson
The Endocrine-Disrupting Compound, Nonylphenol, Inhibits Neurotrophin-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth
Endocrinology, September 1, 2006; 147(9): 4192 - 4204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. M. Ooms, C. G. Fedele, M. V. Astle, I. Ivetac, V. Cheung, R. B. Pearson, M. J. Layton, A. Forrai, H. H. Nandurkar, and C. A. Mitchell
The Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase, PIPP, Is a Novel Regulator of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-dependent Neurite Elongation
Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2006; 17(2): 607 - 622.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

S. Musatov, J. Roberts, A. I. Brooks, J. Pena, S. Betchen, D. W. Pfaff, and M. G. Kaplitt
Inhibition of neuronal phenotype by PTEN in PC12 cells
PNAS, March 9, 2004; 101(10): 3627 - 3631.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

A. Raucci, E. Laplantine, A. Mansukhani, and C. Basilico
Activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathways Mediates Fibroblast Growth Factor-induced Growth Arrest of Chondrocytes
J. Biol. Chem., January 16, 2004; 279(3): 1747 - 1756.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

O. Yoshino, Y. Osuga, Y. Hirota, K. Koga, T. Yano, O. Tsutsumi, and Y. Taketani
Akt as a possible intracellular mediator for decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells
Mol. Hum. Reprod., May 1, 2003; 9(5): 265 - 269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

L. M. Neri, P. Borgatti, P. L. Tazzari, R. Bortul, A. Cappellini, G. Tabellini, A. Bellacosa, S. Capitani, and A. M. Martelli
The Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/AKT1 Pathway Involvement in Drug and All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Resistance of Leukemia Cells
Mol. Cancer Res., January 1, 2003; 1(3): 234 - 246.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

A. Piiper, I. Dikic, M. P. Lutz, J. Leser, B. Kronenberger, R. Elez, H. Cramer, W. Muller-Esterl, and S. Zeuzem
Cyclic AMP Induces Transactivation of the Receptors for Epidermal Growth Factor and Nerve Growth Factor, Thereby Modulating Activation of MAP Kinase, Akt, and Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells
J. Biol. Chem., November 8, 2002; 277(46): 43623 - 43630.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

R. Gallo, F. Zazzeroni, E. Alesse, C. Mincione, U. Borello, P. Buanne, R. D'Eugenio, A. R. Mackay, B. Argenti, R. Gradini, et al.
Ren: a novel, developmentally regulated gene that promotes neural cell differentiation
J. Cell Biol., August 19, 2002; 158(4): 731 - 740.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

T. Kamei, S. R. Jones, B. M. Chapman, K. L. MCGonigle, G. Dai, and M. J. Soares
The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway Modulates the Endocrine Differentiation of Trophoblast Cells
Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2002; 16(7): 1469 - 1481.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

M. Santos, J. M. Paramio, A. Bravo, A. Ramirez, and J. L. Jorcano
The Expression of Keratin K10 in the Basal Layer of the Epidermis Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Prevents Skin Tumorigenesis
J. Biol. Chem., May 17, 2002; 277(21): 19122 - 19130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

H. P. Reusch, S. Zimmermann, M. Schaefer, M. Paul, and K. Moelling
Regulation of Raf by Akt Controls Growth and Differentiation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
J. Biol. Chem., August 31, 2001; 276(36): 33630 - 33637.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article

Summary

Full Text (PDF)

Alert me when this article is cited

Alert me if a correction is posted

Services

Email this article to a friend

Similar articles in this journal

Similar articles in PubMed

Alert me to new issues of the journal

Download to citation manager

Citing Articles

Citing Articles via HighWire

Citing Articles via Google Scholar

Google Scholar

Articles by Bang, O. S.

Articles by Kang, S. S.

Search for Related Content

PubMed

PubMed Citation

Articles by Bang, O. S.

Articles by Kang, S. S.

Social Bookmarking

What's this?

				C. L. Bevan, D. M. Porter, C. R. Schumann, E. Y. Bryleva, T. J. Hendershot, H. Liu, M. J. Howard, and L. P. Henderson The Endocrine-Disrupting Compound, Nonylphenol, Inhibits Neurotrophin-Dependent Neurite Outgrowth Endocrinology, September 1, 2006; 147(9): 4192 - 4204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Ooms, C. G. Fedele, M. V. Astle, I. Ivetac, V. Cheung, R. B. Pearson, M. J. Layton, A. Forrai, H. H. Nandurkar, and C. A. Mitchell The Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase, PIPP, Is a Novel Regulator of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-dependent Neurite Elongation Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2006; 17(2): 607 - 622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Musatov, J. Roberts, A. I. Brooks, J. Pena, S. Betchen, D. W. Pfaff, and M. G. Kaplitt Inhibition of neuronal phenotype by PTEN in PC12 cells PNAS, March 9, 2004; 101(10): 3627 - 3631. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Raucci, E. Laplantine, A. Mansukhani, and C. Basilico Activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathways Mediates Fibroblast Growth Factor-induced Growth Arrest of Chondrocytes J. Biol. Chem., January 16, 2004; 279(3): 1747 - 1756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Yoshino, Y. Osuga, Y. Hirota, K. Koga, T. Yano, O. Tsutsumi, and Y. Taketani Akt as a possible intracellular mediator for decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells Mol. Hum. Reprod., May 1, 2003; 9(5): 265 - 269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Neri, P. Borgatti, P. L. Tazzari, R. Bortul, A. Cappellini, G. Tabellini, A. Bellacosa, S. Capitani, and A. M. Martelli The Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/AKT1 Pathway Involvement in Drug and All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Resistance of Leukemia Cells Mol. Cancer Res., January 1, 2003; 1(3): 234 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. Piiper, I. Dikic, M. P. Lutz, J. Leser, B. Kronenberger, R. Elez, H. Cramer, W. Muller-Esterl, and S. Zeuzem Cyclic AMP Induces Transactivation of the Receptors for Epidermal Growth Factor and Nerve Growth Factor, Thereby Modulating Activation of MAP Kinase, Akt, and Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 8, 2002; 277(46): 43623 - 43630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Gallo, F. Zazzeroni, E. Alesse, C. Mincione, U. Borello, P. Buanne, R. D'Eugenio, A. R. Mackay, B. Argenti, R. Gradini, et al. Ren: a novel, developmentally regulated gene that promotes neural cell differentiation J. Cell Biol., August 19, 2002; 158(4): 731 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kamei, S. R. Jones, B. M. Chapman, K. L. MCGonigle, G. Dai, and M. J. Soares The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway Modulates the Endocrine Differentiation of Trophoblast Cells Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2002; 16(7): 1469 - 1481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Santos, J. M. Paramio, A. Bravo, A. Ramirez, and J. L. Jorcano The Expression of Keratin K10 in the Basal Layer of the Epidermis Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Prevents Skin Tumorigenesis J. Biol. Chem., May 17, 2002; 277(21): 19122 - 19130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. P. Reusch, S. Zimmermann, M. Schaefer, M. Paul, and K. Moelling Regulation of Raf by Akt Controls Growth and Differentiation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells J. Biol. Chem., August 31, 2001; 276(36): 33630 - 33637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]