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First published online 20 May 2003
doi: 10.1242/jcs.00495
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Research Article |
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Author for correspondence (e-mail:
leej{at}ans.kobe-u.ac.jp)
Accepted 18 March 2003
Sister chromatid cohesion is maintained from DNA replication to
metaphase-to-anaphase transition by multisubunit protein complexes called
cohesin, which include at least four proteins, SMC1
, SMC3, Rad21 and
either SA1 or SA2, in mammalian somatic cells. We report here the first
evidence of the involvement of Rec8 protein, a mammalian homolog of yeast
Rec8p, in meiosis-specific chromosome behavior in mammals. In immunoblotting
and immunohistochemical analysis using specific antibodies against mouse Rec8,
we found that Rec8 was expressed in the testis but not in the kidney or liver;
more precisely, it was expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids but not in
spermatogonia or other somatic cells. We also found that Rec8 is present in
both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states in vivo. Immunoprecipitation
analyses revealed that Rec8 associates with other cohesin proteins, SMC1ß
(meiosis-specific protein) and SMC3 and with a component of synaptonemal
complexes, SCP3, but not with SMC1. In meiotic chromosome spreads, Rec8
was localized along the axial/lateral elements of the synaptonemal complexes
in meiotic prophase from the leptotene to diplotene stages. At later stages,
diakinesis and metaphase I, Rec8 was localized along the interstitial axes of
chromosomes, including both centromere and arm regions of chromosomes.
However, concomitantly with separation of homologous chromosomes in anaphase
I, Rec8 was no longer detected along the arm regions, while it persisted on
centromere regions up to metaphase II. In anaphase II, the centromeric signals
were diminished. We propose from these results that mammalian Rec8 protein, in
association with SMC3 and SMC1ß but not SMC1, is involved in
meiosis-specific chromosome behavior, and that homologous chromosome
separation is triggered by selective loss of Rec8 from chromosome arms in
meiosis I, while sister chromatid cohesion is maintained until metaphase
II/anaphase II transition by centromeric Rec8 during mammalian meiosis.
Key words: Rec8 protein, Chromosome cohesion, Sister chromatid, Homologous chromosome, Mammalian meiosis
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