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First published online 15 June 2004
doi: 10.1242/jcs.01161

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Regeneration of skeletal muscle from transplanted immortalised myoblasts is oligoclonal

¹ Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
² Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
³ Muscle Cell Biology Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: jennifer.morgan{at}csc.mrc.ac.uk)

Accepted 16 February 2004

Myoblasts transplanted into muscles of recipient mice mostly die, only a minor stem cell-like subpopulation surviving and participating in muscle regeneration. To investigate this phenomenon further, we used a retrovirus expressing ß-galactosidase to provide a unique marker for satellite-cell-derived muscle precursor cells, before transplanting them into myopathic mdx nu/nu mouse muscle. We employed inverse polymerase chain reaction to identify viral integrations, to follow the fate of clones present within the injected cells.

Mass-infected cultures contained many marked clones, some of which contributed disproportionately to muscle regeneration. Although no particular clones showed overall predominance, some were present in more than one injected muscle, an eventuality unlikely to arise by chance. Conversely, in grafts of muscle precursor cells that had either been labelled as sparse satellite-cell derived cultures, or had been cloned, all clones were shown to be able to survive and form muscle in vivo. Moreover, all clones contributed to further generations of new-formed muscle fibres following a series of injuries administered to injected muscles, demonstrating that some cells of each clone had been retained as stem-cell-like muscle precursors. Furthermore, retrovirally marked satellite-cell-derived clones were derived from muscles that had been injected with marked muscle precursor cells. These cells formed muscle following their transplantation into a new host mouse, confirming their stem cell properties.

Key words: Clonal marking, Inverse PCR, Muscle regeneration, Muscle precursor cell, Retrovirus

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