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First published online 20 March 2007
doi: 10.1242/jcs.000166

Journal of Cell Science 120, 1412-1422 (2007)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2007
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Research Article

Regulatory mechanisms governing the oocyte-specific synthesis of the karyoskeletal protein NO145

Susanne Voltmer-Irsch1, Sandra Kneissel1,2, Pierre G. Adenot3 and Marion S. Schmidt-Zachmann1,*

1 Division of Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
2 Abbott GmbH & Co. KG, Diagnostics Division, 65205 Wiesbaden, Germany
3 Unité de Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: m.schmidt-zachmann{at}dkfz.de)

Accepted 21 February 2007

Given the prominence and the biological importance of the nucleus it is remarkable how little is still known about structure-forming proteins in the nuclear interior. The karyoskeletal protein NO145 has been identified as a major constituent of a filamentous network surrounding the amplified nucleoli of Xenopus laevis oocytes. We now show that an orthologous protein also occurs in female germ cells of a wide range of other vertebrates, where it forms dot-like structures. Using the Xenopus oocyte system we further report a specific regulatory mechanism responsible for (1) the rapid degradation of the NO145 protein during meiotic maturation, and (2) the cell-type-dependent translation of NO145 mRNA. Microinjection experiments have revealed that NO145 is a target of proteasomes and the use of the rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polyadenylation test (RACE-PAT) has disclosed the existence of NO145 mRNAs differing in their 3' UTRs. Reporter systems as well as polyribosome profiling experiments have revealed the regulatory importance of the 3' UTRs, which affect the translational efficiency as well as the stability of the encoded protein. The highly conserved cell-type specificity and the extremely tight temporal regulation of NO145 synthesis suggest an important role of this protein in female meiotic prophase.

Key words: Nucleolus, Maturation, Proteasomes, Karyoskeleton, 3' UTR


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