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First published online 12 February 2008
doi: 10.1242/jcs.022418

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Distribution and lateral mobility of DC-SIGN on immature dendritic cells–implications for pathogen uptake

¹ Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
² Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
³ Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: frap{at}med.unc.edu)

Accepted 19 November 2007

The receptor C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) is expressed by immature dendritic cells, functioning as an antigen capture receptor and cell adhesion molecule. Various microbes, including HIV-1, can exploit binding to DC-SIGN to gain entry to dendritic cells. DC-SIGN forms discrete nanoscale clusters on immature dendritic cells that are thought to be important for viral binding. We confirmed that these DC-SIGN clusters also exist both in live dendritic cells and in cell lines that ectopically express DC-SIGN. Moreover, DC-SIGN has an unusual polarized lateral distribution in the plasma membrane of dendritic cells and other cells: the receptor is preferentially localized to the leading edge of the dendritic cell lamellipod and largely excluded from the ventral plasma membrane. Colocalization of DC-SIGN clusters with endocytic activity demonstrated that surface DC-SIGN clusters are enriched near the leading edge, whereas endocytosis of these clusters occurred preferentially at lamellar sites posterior to the leading edge. Therefore, we predicted that DC-SIGN clusters move from the leading edge to zones of internalization. Two modes of lateral mobility were evident from the trajectories of DC-SIGN clusters at the leading edge, directed and non-directed mobility. Clusters with directed mobility moved in a highly linear fashion from the leading edge to rearward locations in the lamella at remarkably high velocity (1420±260 nm/second). Based on these data, we propose that DC-SIGN clusters move from the leading edge–where the dendritic cell is likely to encounter pathogens in tissue–to a medial lamellar site where clusters enter the cell via endocytosis. Immature dendritic cells may acquire and internalize HIV and other pathogens by this process.

Key words: CD209, DC-SIGN, Endocytosis, Microdomain, Plasma membrane, Protein cluster

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