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JCS ePress online publication date 20 Jan 2004
doi: 10.1242/jcs.00878

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Research Article

Differences in endosomal targeting of human {beta}1- and {beta}2-adrenergic receptors following clathrin-mediated endocytosis


Wei Liang, Patricia K. Curran, Quang Hoang, R. Travis Moreland, and Peter H. Fishman*
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: fishmanp{at}ninds.nih.gov)

The {beta}2-adrenergic receptor ({beta}2AR) undergoes agonist-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits by a process dependent on both arrestins and dynamin. Internalization of some G protein-coupled receptors, however, is independent of arrestins and/or dynamin and through other membrane microdomains such as caveolae or lipid rafts. The human {beta}1AR is less susceptible to agonist-mediated internalization than the {beta}2-subtype, and its endocytic route, which is unknown, may be different. We have found that (i) co-expression of arrestin-2 or -3 enhanced the internalization of both subtypes whereas co-expression of dominant-negative mutants of arrestin-2 or dynamin impaired their internalization, as did inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. (ii) Agonist stimulation increased the phosphorylation of {beta}2AR but not {beta}1AR. (iii) In response to agonist, each subtype redistributed from the cell surface to a distinct population of cytoplasmic vesicles; those containing {beta}1AR were smaller and closer to the plasma membrane whereas those containing {beta}2AR were larger and more perinuclear. (iv) When subcellular fractions from agonist-treated cells were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, all of the internalized {beta}2AR appeared in the lighter endosomal-containing fractions whereas some of the internalized {beta}1AR remained in the denser plasma membrane-containing fractions. (v) Both subtypes recycled with similar kinetics back to the cell surface upon removal of agonist; however, recycling of {beta}2AR but not {beta}1AR was inhibited by monensin. Based on these results, we propose that the internalization of {beta}1AR is both arrestin- and dynamin-dependent and follows the same clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway as {beta}2AR. But during or after endocytosis, {beta}1AR and {beta}2AR are sorted into different endosomal compartments.
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