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JCS ePress
online publication date 26 Apr 2005
doi: 10.1242/jcs.02334
Research Article
Breast cancer cells induce stromal fibroblasts to express MMP-9 via secretion of TNF-
and TGF-
Christina H. Stuelten,
Stacey DaCosta Byfield,
Praveen R. Arany,
Tatiana S. Karpova,
William G. Stetler-Stevenson,
and
Anita B. Roberts*
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: robertsa{at}dce41.nci.nih.gov)
We used 2D-cocultures employing fibroblasts of different genetic backgrounds and MCF10A-derived human breast epithelial cells of increasingly malignant potential to investigate tumor-stroma interactions in breast cancer and to identify possible signaling pathways involved. Tumor cells induced expression of matrix-metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in fibroblasts in a pattern dependent on the degree of their malignancy. In-situ zymography localized the main gelatinolytic activity around stromal cells in cocultures and xenografted tumors. Use of Smad3 knockout fibroblasts, small molecule inhibitors, and neutralizing antibodies showed that MMP-9 expression was induced by tumor cell-derived TNF-
and TGF-
, dependent on Smad-, Ras-, and PI3-kinase-signaling, and likewise modulated by subsequent HGF- and EGF-signaling. Together, our results indicate that MMP-9 levels in tumor fibroblasts are regulated by a complex tumor-stroma cross-talk, involving multiple ligands and cellular signaling pathways.
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