Article Figures & Tables
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Neural intermediate filaments move bidirectionally throughout all regions of nerve cells. (A) Differentiated PC12 cells expressing GFP-peripherin show that particles and squiggles, the precursors to long IF, are present in the peripheral regions of cell bodies. (B) These structures can be visualized in the neurites of live cells expressing GFP-peripherin after photobleaching (arrows denote the bleached region). (C) Peripherin particles can also be observed throughout the central and peripheral domains of the growth cones of nontransfected PC12 cells following fixation and staining for peripherin (green) and actin (red). (D) A series of images taken from a live PC12 cell expressing GFP-peripherin. The peripherin particle (see arrows) moved at rates of up to 0.58 μm/s and reversed directions in a region of the cell body during the observation period. Bars, 5 μm (A-C) and 2 μm (D).
- Fig. 2.
A model for neural intermediate filament transport. Neural IF proteins in the form of nonfilamentous particles, squiggles and longer IF (green) move rapidly along microtubles (blue) in association with kinesin (yellow) and cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin (orange). These motors are responsible for the timely delivery of neural IF particles and squiggles, the precursors to the long IF, to all regions of the neuron including the growth cone (on the right side of cell). Long neural IFs also move along neurites, albeit more slowly than the precursors. Their slower motility might be due to associations with IF-associated proteins such as plectin and bullous pemphigoid antigen (BPAG) (red). In addition, a population of neural IF proteins may move along actin structures (purple) in association with myosin Va (pink) in the cortical and peripheral domains of the growth cone.
Tables
- Table 1.
Different types of intermediate filaments and their movements
Cytoplasmic intermediate filament type Protein studied Cell type Structural form observed Published results n= Time moving (%) Time pausing (%) Antero movements (%) Retro movements (%) Average antero motility (mm/sec) Range antero (μm/sec) Average retro motility (μm/sec) Range retro (μm/sec) Type I Keratin 13 AK13-1 Particles (dots) Windoffer and Leube, 1999 Mostly Retro 0.002-0.008 0.002-0.008 Keratin 18 PtK2 Squiggles Yoon et al., 2001 37 18* 82 16 84 0.004±0.03 0.002-0.01 0.004±0.03 0.002-0.01 Type II Keratin 5 NEB-1 Particles Liovic et al., 2003 16 >0.1 >0.1 Keratin 8 PtK2 Filaments Yoon et al., 2001 14 0.001±3.33E-05 0.001±3.33E-05 Type III Vimentin BHK-21 Particles Helfand et al., 2003 53 45 55 66 34 0.39±0.24 0.08-1.65 0.43±0.26 0.08-1.40 Squiggles Yoon et al., 1998 32 97 3 0.06±0.03 0.02-0.19 0.06±0.03 0.02-0.19 Filaments Yoon et al., 1998 23 0.004±0.002 0.004±0.002 Vimentin PtK2 Squiggles Yoon et al., 2001 32 70 30 0.06±0.04 0.006-0.15 0.06±0.04 0.006-0.15 Filaments Yoon et al., 2001 29 0.15±0.11 0.15±0.11 Vimentin 3T3 Squiggles Martys et al., 1999 0.25 0.25 Peripherin PC12 Particles Helfand et al., 2003 77 75 25 65 35 0.33±0.24 0.08-1.45 0.30±0.20 0.08-1.54 Squiggles Helfand et al., 2003 50 70 30 62 38 0.31±0.29 0.08-1.21 0.30±0.28 0.08-1.00 Type IV NF-M Rat sympathetic neurons Short filaments Wang et al., 2000 69 27 73 83 17 0.38 0.02-1.21 0.49 0.15-1.82 NF-M Rat sympathetic neurons Short filaments Wang et al., 2001 69 33 67 69 31 0.56 0.15-1.26 0.62 0.17-1.35 NF-M Rat sympathetic neurons Particles Wang et al., 2001 17 56 44 22 88 0.08 0.06-0.10 0.32 0.13-0.60 NF-M NB2a/d1 Particles Yabe et al., 1999 >80% <20% 0.025±0.005 NF-H Rat sympathetic neurons Short filaments Roy et al., 2000 73 20 80 71 29 0.67 0.14-1.7 0.57 0.11-1.4 NF-L, NF-M, NF-H Purified bovine spinal cordrrrr Short filaments Shah et al., 2000 0.27 ∼0.1-0.85 0.29 ∼0.1-1 NF-L, NF-M, NF-H Axoplasm from Loligo pealei Particles Prahlad et al., 2000 10 0.5-1.0 0.5-1.0
Article navigation
- Top
- Article
- Summary
- Introduction
- The assembly and motility of vimentin in fibroblasts
- The assembly and motile properties of keratins
- The motile properties of neural intermediate filaments: fast vs slow transport
- Intermediate filament dynamics and neurodegenerative diseases
- Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Figures & tables
- Info & metrics
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