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Commentary
Regulating cell migration: calpains make the cut
Santos J. Franco, Anna Huttenlocher
Journal of Cell Science 2005 118: 3829-3838; doi: 10.1242/jcs.02562
Santos J. Franco
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Anna Huttenlocher
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Summary

The calpain family of proteases has been implicated in cellular processes such as apoptosis, proliferation and cell migration. Calpains are involved in several key aspects of migration, including: adhesion and spreading; detachment of the rear; integrin- and growth-factor-mediated signaling; and membrane protrusion. Our understanding of how calpains are activated and regulated during cell migration has increased as studies have identified roles for calcium and phospholipid binding, autolysis, phosphorylation and inhibition by calpastatin in the modulation of calpain activity. Knockout and knockdown approaches have also contributed significantly to our knowledge of calpain biology, particularly with respect to the specific functions of different calpain isoforms. The mechanisms by which calpain-mediated proteolysis of individual substrates contributes to cell motility have begun to be addressed, and these efforts have revealed roles for proteolysis of specific substrates in integrin activation, adhesion complex turnover and membrane protrusion dynamics. Understanding these mechanisms should provide avenues for novel therapeutic strategies to treat pathological processes such as tumor metastasis and chronic inflammatory disease.

  • Calpain
  • Cell motility
  • Proteolysis
  • Accepted June 27, 2005.
  • © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005
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Commentary
Regulating cell migration: calpains make the cut
Santos J. Franco, Anna Huttenlocher
Journal of Cell Science 2005 118: 3829-3838; doi: 10.1242/jcs.02562
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Commentary
Regulating cell migration: calpains make the cut
Santos J. Franco, Anna Huttenlocher
Journal of Cell Science 2005 118: 3829-3838; doi: 10.1242/jcs.02562

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  • Article
    • Summary
    • Introduction
    • Calpain family of proteases
    • Calpain structure
    • Calpain regulation
    • Calpain substrates
    • Calpains and cell motility
    • Calpains in human disease
    • Conclusions and perspectives
    • Footnotes
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